Master variables, data types, control flow, loops, and the essential built-ins that power every Python program.

Write clean, reusable code with functions, default/keyword args, *args/**kwargs, lambdas, closures, and decorators.

Model the world with classes, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, properties, and Python's special dunder methods.

Harness Python's built-in collections — lists, tuples, dicts, sets — and master comprehensions, sorting, and the collections module.

Structure projects with modules and packages, read/write files safely with context managers, and handle exceptions gracefully.